Modern Java Cheat Sheet

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Java 8 Optional

Optional is a functional replacement for null. Javadoc: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Optional.html

Java Optional Method Summary

Method Description
empty() create Optional with an empty value
of(T) create an optional with a non-null value
ofNullable(T) create an optional with a possibly null reference
ifPresent(Consumer<? super T>) if the underlying value is not empty, execute the Consumer with it as an argument
isPresent() if value is not emtpy, return true
get() get the underlying value, or if null, throw NoSuchElementException
orElseGet(T) get the underlying value, or if null, return the argument. Argument can be null.
orElse(Supplier<? extends T>) get the underlying value, or if null, execute the Supplier function and return the result
orElseThrow(Supplier<? extends X>) get the underlying value, or if null, execute the Supplier function and throw the result
filter(Predicate<? super T>) if the predicate is true, return the Optional, other wise return empty Optional
map(Function<? super T,? extends U>) apply the Function, and return the non-null result auto-wrapped as an Optional, or if null an empty Optional
flatMap(Function<? super T, Optional>) apply the Optional-bearing Function, and return without wrapping as an Optional

Tips

// length of the value or "" if nothing
int length = res.orElse("").length();

// run the lambda if there is a value
res.ifPresent(v -> results.add(v));

Return an Optional

Optional<Double> squareRoot(double x) {
   if (x >= 0) { return Optional.of(Math.sqrt(x)); }
   else { return Optional.empty(); }
}

Uses of filter, map, and flatMap

System.out.println("empty().filter(\"foo\"::equals)" + " => " + empty().filter("foo"::equals));
// empty().filter("foo"::equals) => Optional.empty

System.out.println("of(\"foo\").filter(\"foo\"::equals)" + " => " + of("foo").filter("foo"::equals));
// of("foo").filter("foo"::equals) => Optional[foo]

System.out.println("ofNullable(null).filter(\"foo\"::equals)" + " => " + ofNullable(null).filter("foo"::equals));
// ofNullable(null).filter("foo"::equals) => Optional.empty

System.out.println("empty().map(\"foo\"::equals)" + " => " + empty().map("foo"::equals));
// empty().map("foo"::equals) => Optional.empty

System.out.println("of(\"foo\").map(\"foo\"::equals)" + " => " + of("foo").map("foo"::equals));
// of("foo").map("foo"::equals) => Optional[true]

System.out.println("ofNullable(null).map(\"foo\"::equals)" + " => " + ofNullable(null).map("foo"::equals));
// ofNullable(null).map("foo"::equals) => Optional.empty

System.out.println("empty().flatMap(s -> ofNullable(\"foo\".equals(s)))" + " => " + empty().flatMap(s -> ofNullable("foo".equals(s))));
// empty().flatMap(s -> ofNullable("foo".equals(s))) => Optional.empty

System.out.println("of(\"foo\").flatMap(s -> ofNullable(\"foo\".equals(s)))" + " => " + of("foo").flatMap(s -> ofNullable("foo".equals(s))));
// of("foo").flatMap(s -> ofNullable("foo".equals(s))) => Optional[true]

System.out.println("ofNullable(null).flatMap(s -> ofNullable(\"foo\".equals(s)))" + " => " + ofNullable(null).flatMap(s -> ofNullable("foo".equals(s))));
// ofNullable(null).flatMap(s -> ofNullable("foo".equals(s))) => Optional.empty

Lambda Expressions

Used to contruct implementations of Functional Interfaces without explicitly creating new classes and instances. All functional interfaces implement exactly one method, which allows for syntactic sugar to implement that one method with much less code.

() -> expression | statement
param -> expression | statement
(params) -> expression | statement
(params) -> { expressions and statements }
(types) (params) -> { expressions and statements }


() -> System.out.println("I'm a function that prints this statement.");

a -> a * 2        // calculate double of a (idiomatic)
(a) -> a * 2      // without the type, with parens
(int a) -> a * 2  // with type and parens
(final int a) -> a * 2  // with final, type and parens (final only works with a type)
(@NonNull int a) -> a * 2  // with an annotation, type and parens (annotations only work with a type)

(a, b) -> a + b   // Sum of 2 parameters, inferred types (idiomatic)
(int a, int b) -> a + b   // Sum of 2 parameters, explicit types
(int, int) (tx, status) -> a + b  // explicit types, alternate syntax

If the lambda is more than one expression, we must use { } and return

(x, y) -> {
	int sum = x + y;
	int avg = sum / 2;
	return avg;
}

Within a lambda, you can reference only parameters and final variables from the outer scope.

A lambda expression cannot stand alone in Java, it need to be associated to a functional interface.

@FunctionalInterface
interface MyMath {
    int getDoubleOf(int a);
}
	
MyMath d = a -> a * 2; // associated to the interface
d.getDoubleOf(4); // is 8

Useful functions

Return the input parameter

x -> x
// or
Function.identity()

Method and Constructor References

Allows referencing methods and constructors without writing an explicit lambda function

// Lambda Form:
getPrimes(numbers, a -> StaticMethod.isPrime(a));

// Method Reference:
getPrimes(numbers, StaticMethod::isPrime);
Style Method Reference Lambda Form
Class::staticMethod MyClass::staticMethod n -> MyClass.staticMethod(n)
Class::instanceMethod String::toUpperCase (String w) -> w.toUpperCase()
… String::compareTo (String s, String t) -> s.compareTo(t)
… System.out::println x -> System.out.println(x)
instance::instanceMethod manager::getByID (int id) -> manager.getByID(id)
this::instanceMethod this::getValueByID (int id) -> this.getValueByID(id)
super::instanceMethod super::aMethodThatIveOverridden (int id) -> super.aMethodThatIveOverridden(id)
Class::new Double::new n -> new Double(n)
Class[]::new String[]::new (int n) -> new String[n]
primitive[]::new int[]::new (int n) -> new int[n]

Examples of static methods commonly used:

Generified Functional Interfaces

Class Description Single method Additional methods
Function<T,R> a function that accepts one argument and produces a result R apply(T t) andThen(Function), compose(Function), static identity()
Predicate a boolean-valued function of one argument boolean test(T t) static isEqual(Object), and(Predicate), or(Predicate), negate()
Supplier a supplier of values. T get() n/a
Consumer an operation that accepts a single input argument and returns no result void accept(T) andThen(Consumer)
Runnable an executable unit that takes no arguments and returns no result void run() n/a
Callable an executable unit that returns a result. throws Exception. Typically used when the execution side-effects are purpose rather than the return value. V call() n/a
UnaryOperator an operation on a single operand that produces a result of the same type as its operand. R apply(T t) static identity()
BiConsumer<T,U> an operation that accepts two input arguments and returns no result void accept(T t, U u) andThen(BiConsumer)
BiFunction<T,U,R> a function that accepts two arguments and produces a result. R apply(T t, U u) andThen(Function)
BinaryOperator an operation upon two operands of the same type, producing a result of the same type as the operands. R apply(T t, U u) andThen(Function)
BiPredicate<T,U> a predicate (boolean-valued function) of two arguments. boolean test(T t, U u) and(BiPredicate), or(BiPredicate), negate()

Most interfaces also have a primitive-specific variant, to avoid autoboxing that that would happen were the generic functional interface version used.

Recommended:

Class Description
{Int,Long,Double}Function a function that accepts an type-valued argument and produces a result.
{Int,Long,Double}Predicate a predicate (boolean-valued function) of one long-valued argument.
{Int,Long,Double}Consumer an operation that accepts a single type-valued argument and returns no result.
{Boolean,Int,Long,Double}Supplier a supplier of type-valued results.
To{Int,Long,Double}Function a function that produces a type-valued result.
To{Int,Long,Double}BiFunction<T,U> a function that accepts two arguments and produces an type-valued result.
{Int,Long,Double}UnaryOperator an operation on a single type-valued operand that produces a type-valued result.
{Int,Long,Double}BinaryOperator an operation upon two type-valued operands and producing a type-valued result.
{Int,Long,Double}To{Int,Long,Double}Function a function that accepts a type1-valued argument and produces an type2-valued result. If type1 == type2, use UnaryOperator variant instead.
Obj{Int,Long,Double}Consumer an operation that accepts an object-valued and a type-valued argument, and returns no result.

Streams

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html

Similar to collections, but

Process

Set<String> genres = 
	Stream.of("Jazz", "Blues", "Rock") 
		.map(String::toLowerCase)
		.collect(Collectors.toSet());

Create

Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("Jazz", "Blues", "Rock"); // stream from references

Stream<String> stream = Stream.of(myArray); // from an array

list.stream(); // from a list

StreamSupport.stream(iterable.spliterator(), false); // from an iterable

StreamSupport.stream(Spliterators.spliteratorUnknownSize(iterator, Spliterator.ORDERED), false) // from an iterator

Stream<Integer> integers = Stream.iterate(0, n -> n + 1); // Infinite stream, lazily generated

Stream<String> strings = Arrays.stream(new String[] { "a", "b", "c"});
Stream<String> strings = Stream.of(new String[] { "a", "b", "c"});

IntStream = Arrays.stream(new int[] {1, 2});
Stream<int[]> arr1 = Stream.of(new int[] {1, 2});  // stream of int arrays, not stream of ints

// static <T> Stream<T> stream(T[] array, int startInclusive, int endExclusive), also overloaded methods for primitives
Stream<String> strings = Arrays.stream(new String[] { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}, 2, 4) // preferable to using Stream.of(array).skip(n).limit(m), as it starts the stream at the start instead of iterating through the stream til the start

parallel Returns an equivalent stream that is parallel

Transform

filter(Predicate<? super T>) and map(Function<? super T,? extends R>) are the most common. Filter retains elements that match the predicate, typically written as a lambda. Map applies the Function to each element, also typically written as a lambda.

// count of names longer than 24 characters
long longNamesCount = list
   .filter(n -> n.length() > 24)
   .map(n -> n * 2)  // doesn't do anything, count is still the same
   .count();
   
// names longer than 24 characters, with name strings reversed
Set<String> longNamesReversed = list
   .filter(n -> n.length() > 24)
   .map(n -> StringUtils.reverse(n))
   .collect(toSet());

filter Stream filter(Predicate<? super T>)

Remove elements not matching the Predicate.

map signature: Stream map(Function<? super T, ? extends R>)

Apply a Function to each element

Apply a Function to each element

// Apply “toLowerCase” for each element List list = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"A", "B", "C"}); res = list.stream().map(w -> w.toLowerCase()); list.stream().map(String::toLowerCase); // stream of ["a", "b", "c"]

Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5).map(x -> x + 1); // stream of [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

limit limit(maxSize) The first n elements

Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5).limit(3);
// stream of [1, 2, 3]

skip Discarding the first n elements

Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5).skip(3);
// stream of [4, 5]

distinct Remove duplicated elements

Stream.of(1,0,0,1,0,1).distinct();
// stream of [1, 0]

sorted Sort elements (must be Comparable)

Stream.of(2,1,5,3,4).sorted(); // must be Comparable
//  stream of [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

// using sorted(Comparator<? super T> comparator)
Stream.of(2,1,5,3,4).sorted((i1, i2) -> -1 * Integer.compare(i1, i2)); // reverse sort
// stream of [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

Collect

Collect to a collection, a value, or a boolean. Most commonly done with a statically imported method from Collectors

toList and toSet

// Collect into a List
List<String> myList = stream.collect(toList());

// Collect into a Set
Set<String> mySet = stream.collect(toSet());

toArray

// Collect into an array
String[] myArray = stream.toArray(String[]::new);

toMap

Collectors.toMap(Function keyFunction, Function valueFunction)

Map<String, Foo> result =
    choices.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Foo::getName,
                                              Function.identity()));

Three toMap static methods

Also, all methods have a toMapConcurrent that returns a concurrent map for use with parallel streams, and the Supplier

toCollection

Transform the Stream into a specified Collection

// Collect into a specified Collection
ConcurrentSkipListSet<String> mySet = stream.collect(toCollection(ConcurrentSkipListSet::new));

// Collect into an existing collection
List<?> groups = ...;
stream.collect(toCollection(() -> groups));

joining

Concatenate the Stream values into a String.

// Collect into a String, concatentating with no delmiter
String str = Stream.of("a", "b", "c").collect(joining());
//> abc

// Collect into a String, concatenating with a delimter
String str = Stream.of("a", "b", "c").collect(joining(", "));
//> a, b, c

// Collect into a String, concatenating with a delimter, prefix, and suffix
String str = Stream.of("a", "b", "c").collect(joining(", "), "before ", " after");
//> before a, b, c after

allMatch All entries of the stream match the predicate. boolean allMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate)

// Check if there is a "e" in each elements
boolean res = words.allMatch(n -> n.contains("e"));

anyMatch Any entry in the stream matches the predicate. boolean anyMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate)

noneMatch No entry in the stream matches the predicate. boolean noneMatch(Predicate<? super T> predicate)

findAny Find any entry in the stream that matches the predicate and return it. Faster than findFirst in parallel streams if any entry is sufficient.

// Optional<String> contains a string or nothing
Optional<String> res = stream
   .filter(w -> w.length() > 10)
   .findAny();

findFirst

// Optional<String> contains a string or nothing
Optional<String> res = stream
   .filter(w -> w.length() > 10)
   .findFirst();

Finds the first entry the stream that matches, not just any match. The semantics for this still hold even if the stream is parallel, which requires additional operations.

reduce
Reduce the elements to a single value (rarely used, given the other more specific methods) The BiFunction accumulator must be an associative function, e.g., (a op b) op c == a op (b op c)

// reduce to an object with the same type as the stream, with the initial value of the accumulator set to the first stream entry
Optional<String> r1 = Stream.of("a", "b", "c").reduce((acc, e) -> acc + "|" + e.toUpperCase());
//> A|B|C

// reduce with an explicit initial accumulator state
String r2 = Stream.of("a", "b", "c").reduce("", (acc, e) -> acc + "|" + e.toUpperCase());
//> A|B|C

// fused map / reduce (tbd)
 <U> U reduce(U identity,
             BiFunction<U,? super T,U> accumulator,
             BinaryOperator<U> combiner)

Grouping Results

Collectors.groupingBy

collect a stream into a Map grouped by a function.

        // I18nEntry has three attributes: locale, key, and value
        List<I18nEntry> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new I18nEntry(ENGLISH, "key1", "value1"));
        list.add(new I18nEntry(ENGLISH, "key2", "value2"));
        list.add(new I18nEntry(FRENCH, "key3", "value3"));
        list.add(new I18nEntry(FRENCH, "key4", "value4"));
        list.add(new I18nEntry(GERMAN, "key5", "value5"));
        list.add(new I18nEntry(GERMAN, "key6", "value6"));

        Map<String, List<I18nEntry>> mapOfLocaleStringToI18nEntry = list.stream()
                .collect(groupingBy(w -> w.getLocale().toString()));
        System.out.println(mapOfLocaleStringToI18nEntry);
        // {de=[I18nEntry{ de, 'key5', 'value5'}, I18nEntry{ de, 'key6', 'value6'}], 
        // en=[I18nEntry{ en, 'key1', 'value1'}, I18nEntry{ en, 'key2', 'value2'}], 
        // fr=[I18nEntry{ fr, 'key3', 'value3'}, I18nEntry{ fr, 'key4', 'value4'}]}

        Map<String, Set<String>> mapOfLocaleStringToSetOfI18nEntryNames
                = list.stream().collect(groupingBy(w -> w.getLocale().toString(),
                mapping(I18nEntry::getKey, toSet())));
        System.out.println(mapOfLocaleStringToSetOfI18nEntryNames);
        // {de=[key5, key6], en=[key1, key2], fr=[key3, key4]}

        Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapOfLocaleStringToMapOfKeyValues =
                list.stream().collect(groupingBy(w -> w.getLocale().toString(),
                        toMap(I18nEntry::getKey, I18nEntry::getValue)));
        System.out.println(mapOfLocaleStringToMapOfKeyValues);
        // {de={key5=value5, key6=value6}, en={key1=value1, key2=value2}, fr={key3=value3, key4=value4}}

groupingByConcurrent does the same thing, only concurrently.

Collectors.counting Count the number of values in a group

Collectors.summing{Int|Long|Double} summingInt, summingLong, summingDouble to sum group values

**Collectors.summarizing{Int Long Double}**
{Int Long Double}SummaryStatistics

Collectors.averaging{Int|Long|Double} averagingInt, averagingLong, …

// Average length of each element of a group
Collectors.averagingInt(String::length)

PS: Don’t forget Optional (like Map<T, Optional<T>>) with some Collection methods (like Collectors.maxBy).

reducing

minBy

maxBy

mapping

Finisher static <T,A,R,RR> Collector<T,A,RR> collectingAndThen(Collector<T,A,R> downstream, Function<R,RR> finisher)

peek

Partitioning Results

tbd

     // Partition students into passing and failing
     Map<Boolean, List<Student>> passingFailing =
         students.stream()
                 .collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(s -> s.getGrade() >= PASS_THRESHOLD));

Parallel Streams

Be aware these lose any staticly-held context, e.g., security context in a servlet.

Creation

Stream<String> parStream = list.parallelStream();
Stream<String> parStream = Stream.of(myArray).parallel();

unordered Can speed up the limit or distinct

stream.parallelStream().unordered().distinct();

PS: Work with the streams library. Eg. use filter(x -> x.length() < 9) instead of a forEach with an if.

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/package-summary.html#MutableReduction

Primitive-Type Streams

Wrappers (like Stream) are inefficients. It requires a lot of unboxing and boxing for each element. Better to use `IntStream`, `DoubleStream`, etc.

Creation

IntStream stream = IntStream.of(1, 2, 3, 5, 7);
stream = IntStream.of(myArray); // from an array
stream = IntStream.range(5, 80); // range from 5 to 80

Random gen = new Random();
IntStream rand = gen(1, 9); // stream of randoms

IntStream

IntStream.of(3, 1, 4);  
//> 3, 1, 4

IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5);  
//> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

IntStream.range(1, 5);  
//> 1, 2, 3, 4

IntStream.iterate(1, i -> i * 2).limit(5);  
//> 1, 2, 4, 8, 16

IntStream.generate(() -> ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(10)).limit(5);  
//> 5, 4, 9, 7, 1

Use mapToX (mapToObj, mapToDouble, etc.) if the function yields Object, double, etc. values. boxed() min() max()

Creating objects using Generic Types

Definition:

 T T[] toArray(IntFunction<T[]> constructor) {
	int n = ...; // length of array
	T[] result = constructor.apply(n);
	// ... populate result array here
	return result;
}

Calling

String[] array = MyClass.toArray(String[]::new);

Interface Default Methods

default methods. Useful for adding new methods to existing interfaces without breaking existing implementations.

interface Foo {
	default boolean isTrue() { return true; }
}

Collections

sort sort(list, comparator)

list.sort((a, b) -> a.length() - b.length())
list.sort(Comparator.comparing(n -> n.length())); // same
list.sort(Comparator.comparing(String::length)); // same
//> [Bohr, Tesla, Darwin, Newton, Galilei, Einstein]

removeIf

list.removeIf(w -> w.length() < 6);
//> [Darwin, Galilei, Einstein, Newton]

Merge merge(key, value, remappingFunction)

Map<String, String> names = new HashMap<>();
names.put("Albert", "Ein?");
names.put("Marie", "Curie");
names.put("Max", "Plank");

// Value "Albert" exists
// {Marie=Curie, Max=Plank, Albert=Einstein}
names.merge("Albert", "stein", (old, val) -> old.substring(0, 3) + val);

// Value "Newname" don't exists
// {Marie=Curie, Newname=stein, Max=Plank, Albert=Einstein}
names.merge("Newname", "stein", (old, val) -> old.substring(0, 3) + val);

Generic Static Methods

Definition

public class SomeStaticMethods {
    public static <T> boolean method1(T t) { ... } 
    public static <T> boolean methodThatOnlyConsumes(List<? extends T> listT) { ... } 
    public static <T> boolean methodThatOnlyAdds(List<? super T> listT) { ... } 
    public static <T> boolean methodThatDoesBoth(List<T> listT) { ... } 

    public static <T> T method3(boolean b) { ... } 
    public static <T> List<? super T> method4(boolean b) { ... } 

    public static <T,U> U method5(T t) { ... } 
    public static <T,U> List<? super U> method6(List<? extends T> listT) { ... } 
}

Invocation

SomeStaticMethods.<String>method();
SomeStaticMethods.<String,String>method();
``

## try-with-resources

Resource assigned in try that implements AutoCloseable has implicity finally "close()" call.

```java
try (Stream<Path> paths = Files.list(directoryPath)) {

}

I/O Improvements – Files, Readers, etc

Working with files on disk

// non-cross platform construction
Path absoluteToDirectory2 = Paths.getPath("/usr/var/logs"); 

// cross platform construction
// "/" is the root, not the delimiter!
Path absoluteToDirectory = Paths.getPath("/", "usr", "var", "logs"); 
Path relativeToDirectory = Paths.getPath("logs");

Path absoluteToFile = Paths.getPath("/", "usr", "var", "logs", "access.log"); 
Path relativeToFile = Paths.getPath("logs", "access.log");

// windows?
Path absoluteToFile = Paths.getPath("c:\\", "usr", "var", "logs", "access.log"); 

```java

Resolve paths relative to other paths

```java
Path logPath = Paths.getPath("/usr/var/logs"); 
Path accessPartialPath = Paths.getPath("tomcat", "access.log");
Path accessPath = logPath.resolve(accessPartialPath); 
// normalize tbd
// relativize tbd

Path#toFile File#toPath, oh yeah

Path path = Paths.getPath(“logs”, “access.log”); BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
String fileString = new String(Files.readAllBytes(path), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
List<String> lines = Files.readAllLines(path);

Files.write(path, content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); // create or overwrite semantics Files.write(path, content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), StandardOpenOption.APPEND);

*Files Stream methods

FileVisitOption – only one FOLLOW_LINKS OpenOption

Files.lines

Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("/usr", "var", "logs", "access.log"); // "/" is the root, not the delimiter!
try (Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(path)) {
   Optional<String> timeoutEntry = lines.filter(s -> s.startsWith("timeout:")).findAny();
   ...
}

Exception thrown as UncheckedIOException

Annotations

Collections and Collections

Minor Changes

Numbers and Math

BigInteger

Primitive wrapper types

New methods in primitive wrapper types:

Method Boolean Byte Short Integer Long Float Double
sum() — — — yes yes yes yes
max() — — — yes yes yes yes
min() — — — yes yes yes yes
logicalAnd(T) yes — — — — — —
logicalOr(T) yes — — — — — —
logicalXor(T) yes — — — — — —
toUnsignedInt(T) — yes yes — — — —
toUnsignedLong(T) — yes yes yes — — —
compareUnsigned(T) — — — yes yes — —
divideUnsigned(T) — — — yes yes — —
remainderUnsigned(T) — — — yes yes — —
#isFinite(T) — — — — — yes yes

Base64

Locale https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Locale.html

LanguageRange List ranges = Stream.of("de_CH", "de", "*_CH") // prefer Swiss German, then any German, than any language with a Swiss country variation .map(Locale.LanguageRange::new) .collect(toList()); // A list containing the Locale.LanguageRange objects for the given strings List matches = Locale.filter(ranges, Arrays.asList(Locale.getAvailableLocales())); // The matching locales: de\_CH, de, de\_AT, de\_LU, de\_DE, de\_LI, fr\_CH, it\_CH Locale bestMatch = Locale.lookup(ranges, locales);

JDBC

Java 7 - 4.1, Java 8 - 4.2

Date / Time

Etc

Objects.equals(a, b) instead of a.equals(b) hashCode using Objects.hash(first, second, …, last);

                        List<Long> ids = stream(result.results()).map(JO::getID).collect(toList());
                        groupFilter.setIDs(ids);
                        Map<Long,Group> map = stream(groupManager.getGroups(startIndex, count, groupFilter.build(), sort))
                                .collect(toMap(Group::getID, identity(), (v1, v2) -> v1));
                        groups = ids.stream().map(map::get).collect(toList());